Good Housekeeping:
Good housekeeping measures are procedural, administrative or institutional measures that a company can adopt with a view to preventing waste and emissions. They are mainly based on the human effort in the production process and can often be introduced with little cost.
Technological Changes:
Technological changes are orientated towards production process and installation changes to reduce waste and emissions. They range from minor changes that can be implemented in the short term and at low cost to the complete changeover to other production processes involving large investments.
Changes in raw materials:
Waste and emission prevention is achieved by making changes to the input materials in such a way that substances leading to the formation of waste and generation of emissions are either not used at all or used to lesser degree. Raw material changes include material purification or material substitution.
Product changes:
Product changes can be performed by the manufacturer of a product with the intent of reducing waste from a product’s use. Product changes include: product substitution, product conservation or changes in product composition. Product changes include packaging and may be one of the most important prevention techniques that can be applied by Industry and Commerce to prevent generation of litter.
Onsite and off-site reuse:
Reuse occurs when a waste stream is either reused as raw material in the originating process onsite or in another process offsite.
Effective Cleaner Production is most easily achieved by preventing the generation of unnecessary waste in the first place.
Whether the company is a factory with a manufacturing process or a process industry, options for improvement can be identified by looking at the key inputs and outputs of the processes or activities that take place in the organisation.
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